Homework #9, 2025 Tres párrafos del Philosophy Paper

Aquí tienen los tres párrafos de la tarea. Fíjense, lo marcado en amarillo representa los argumentos a medida que se van desarrollando. De nuevo, el párrafo 1 contiene el programa del philosophy paper: Tesis y contratesis, con dos puntos cada uno. 

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PARAGRAPH 1

In this paper, I defend the Pro-Choice position.  First, I argue that individuals have a legal right to make decisions about their own bodies, including whether to continue a pregnancy. For pro-choice advocates, bodily autonomy is a fundamental aspect of personal freedom and privacy. Second, I show that forcing the carrying of a pregnancy can cause physical and psychological damage, as well as having negative economic consequences. 

In contrast, Pro-Life advocates disagree. They hold that human life begins at conception and deserves protection from that moment. First, they claim that the fetus has intrinsic moral value, independent of the mother’s choice. In addition, pro-life advocates argue that a society that does not protect its most vulnerable members undermines its moral foundation. Both sides appeal to ethical principles—freedom versus the sanctity of life—yet frame them through different moral priorities. 

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A partir de ahora, los párrafos pertenecen a la tesis o contratesis. El párrafo 2 es el párrafo de la tesis. Observen el primer argumento de la tesis: right to make decisions about their bodies. Este argumento va desarrollado y expuesto con claridad, usando un lenguaje claro. Además incluye expertos o lo que llamo "outside sources". Se cita según la convención MLA.

PARAGRAPH 2

Pro-Choice supporters emphasize bodily autonomy as a cornerstone of human rights. The right to control one’s body is protected by legal and moral reasoning alike. Philosopher Judith Jarvis Thomson famously illustrated this in “A Defense of Abortion” (1971), using her violinist analogy to argue that being forced to remain connected to another life violates one’s autonomy, even if that life depends on you. Contemporary sources echo this concern. According to The New York Times, many reproductive-rights advocates view the issue as “not about promoting abortion, but about preserving the ability to make deeply personal medical decisions” (Liptak, Adam. “After Roe’s Fall, Legal Battles Begin.” The New York Times, 26 June 2022). This position frames abortion not as an act against life, but as an act of self-determination within complex personal and social circumstances. 

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El párrafo 3 es el párrafo de la contratesis. Observen el primer argumento de la contratesis fue: intrinsic moral value of the fetus. Este argumento va desarrollado, claramente expuesto, usando un lenguaje claro. Además incluye expertos o lo que llamo "outside sources". Se cita según la convención MLA.

PARAGRAPH 3

Pro-Life defenders argue that it is paramount to extend moral considerations to the fetus as a potential 

human being. They hold that life, once begun, possesses inherent worth regardless of dependency or stage of development. Philosopher Don Marquis, in his essay “Why Abortion Is Immoral” (1989), contends that abortion is wrong because it deprives the fetus of a future like ours, one containing potential experiences, relationships, and growth. This reasoning sees the act as a moral loss equivalent in kind—if not degree—to ending a postnatal life. Religious and civic groups often reinforce this stance; as reported in The Washington Post, many advocates believe “a consistent ethic of life protects the unborn alongside the elderly and disabled” (Boorstein, Michelle. “Faith Leaders React to Abortion Ruling.” Washington Post, 25 June, 2022). The pro-life argument places moral value on life’s continuity as the foundation of human dignity.