after a couple of points were made, i tried to argue in class my preference for religious pluralism over religious fundamentalism*, but there's so much one can do within an hour of class. what is religious pluralism?
religious pluralism is the view that there is more than one path of salvation.**
we have a pretty good idea that ashoka the great, the buddhist king of the 2nd century b.c. preached a very early form of religious pluralism:
all religions should reside everywhere, for all of them desire self-control and purity of heart. (in the s. dhammika) and this one: contact (between religions) is good. one should listen to and respect the doctrines professed by others. rock edict Nb12 (s. dhammika)
why do i find religious pluralism a preferable option? religious tolerance would be first on my list. then one could argue that pluralism is epistemologically sound. earlier, i said that infallibility is not a trait of the wise (who by principle keeps his/her fallibility in check).
pluralism presupposes fallibilism. the quest for knowledge, truth, (whatever you want to call it) is an open-ended, historic, time-bounded, proposition. coming back to religion, this is the an attitude of the mystic sufi poet rumi:
i looked for god. i went to a temple, and i didn't find him there. then i went to a church, and i didn't find him there. and then i went to a mosque, and i didn't find him there. and then finally i looked in my heart, and there he was.better yet: "how many paths are there to god? there are as many paths to god as there are souls on the earth."***
here is a consequence of pluralism:
even if i believed that my religion is a "better" choice of worship, i understand that "better" are --not objective standards, but-- open-ended biographical, sociopolitical preconditions. there is nothing else that makes my religion "better" except my belief that it does (of course i share this belief with a community of believers that think like me). as a pluralist i have to be aware that i cannot prove that my religion is "better" without begging the question on my own assumption. why?
the reason is that the "ultimate" test rests on my religion's claim to legitimacy: it boils down to saying, my religion is best/better because my religion (church, doctrine, whatever) claims to be best/better. in theology this might be good enough for a test.
not in philosophy.
_________
* islam, christianity and judaism have fundamentalist versions. for example, here are some of the fundamental views of the presbyterian church: 1- the bible is inspired and infallible. 2- christ was born of a virgin. 3- christ's death is the atonement for human sin. 4- christ resurrected in a body from the dead. 4- christ's miracles are real. **keep in mind that pluralism is not relativism. the relativist claims not that there is more than one valid path of salvation, but that all paths are the same. but you see, as a pluralist i'm saying exactly the opposite of this. i believe that religious pluralism is better than religious fundamentalism. ***another mystic virtuoso of this same period, abu hafs al-suhrawardi says: "whoever claims possession of something, his altruistic outlook is not sound, since he considers his self more entitled to the thing by possessing it … altruism is the mark of those who see that all things belong to god." see Paul L. Heck's Common Ground: Islam, Christianity, and Religious Pluralism, p. 205.
10 comments:
I love the Idea of Pluralism in religion. Every Religion or faith has something to offer, if the experiences are genuinely humbling one’s. However , I do not know which one I like better, the idea that there is no right religion, or the idea that there is. I know that this is ironic but if I chose to believe in something knowing that it Is valid, but not necessarily anymore valid than another belief system, then why should I make it my faith? Is it to believe for the sake of believing? many (including myself) often suffer from confusion and overthinking, is this not a reasonable question, its either you have no particular faith and embrace all walks of faith, (which I personally think for the most part is a wonderful way of life that possibly has its inevitable almost uncomfortable moments of self-analysis) or, you chose your faith and have a fundamental way of life that is less confusing, without disregarding some lessons from other belief systems. I think the general question of this is, is it so simple to have an ongoing certainty or uncertainty in a truth? Well Perhaps.
Warning! Warning!
For what I have to say is extremely explicit,or is it?
A brief backround of myself, I was born in Wurzburg bavaria Germany, till I was about four years of age. My first spoken language, is some version of a country dialect taught to me by a German Nanny. Upon my mother returning to America, She was told that a black man speaking German would not be excepted in this society. So afterwards I was circumsized, and on my path towards completing my sacraments in the Catholic Church.
That being said, I have something to say. My personal Idea of Jesus was that he was of blonde hair and blue eyes. I was conditioned to think this way for many years. As I got older things started to not make sense. Now the bible tells me of Nazarines, Men who did not cut thier hair, thier hair grew long, so did Jesus.The bible says that Jesus, his hair was made of wool. This of made me think that maybe light skin people might have wooly hair. Then my girl friend and I where in biology class looking at a strand of each other hair under a microscope(She is a natural blonde). We concluded that a strand of my hair was like a peice of wire, being compared to a piece of string (her hair).
That being said, my personal ideal of Jesus was that he was a Hebrew, and I have learned since that Hebrews were of a darker skin. This being said, either someone is trying to distort my image of Jesus or there were tanning beds back in his day.
So in this next statement, I would like to mention an oxymoron: I wish all the negros of all races showed a little more negritude. Of course in my belief we are all humankind, but we also have a beginning. You can only have so many parts of a WHOLE. So therefore, a beginning exists.
For one example, a tree starts as a seed and then branches and eventually gives off seedlings. If the seedlings grow, they are the same, but they have different shapes and the leaves are in different patterns. Allow all the seedlings to grow, and in time, they will grow into each other, and the beginning may not be as important as the WHOLE. I believe that some religions use prunning so that the begginning is desire, and will seperate us a WHOLE. That's why we(atman) have to look at everything as a WHOLE(Brahman) to get the WHOLE picture.
--Paul
I feel as if there are different levels of truth, like a multi-faceted diamond. How can one side be better than the other when ultimatly all sides make up the One and point to the same thing..
Alex v
I have been seeking for something like that for the longest. The idea of pluralism is genius.I am a catholic since I was young not because I choose to but, because I was raise with. In my opinion, my religion is not the best. Since I was young I always wish to be part of the Chinese religion. Their religion seems beautiful to me. However,it is not the only "beautiful" religion, there is many religion. My point is, how do you know yours is the best. You said when you pray many things happen to you but, when they pray many things happen to them too; how do you explain that. I was a follower once, now I decide to open my eyes to other option. My God won't get mad at me for exploring the world and asking question, because this world is full of question that we don't have the answer yet... I got to said my religion have flaws. How can you tell me that the "Pope" is the richest person on earth and there is still poor people in this earth. I remember on my bible Jesus seating down on a donkey not a Pope mobile that is actually a Mercedes Benz with bulletproof carrying the Pope who is suppose to represent Jesus. You know how much that Mercedes cost? Well, I don't want to know because it will hurt me to know. All I can said is look at your religion and analyse it well and trust me you will come out with a flaw. If all the religions find a flaws then there are not perfect, therefore, stop thinking it is. I believe there is a beauty in every religion and there is flaws in all of them, on thing that connect all of them is a God different God but, still a God.
Beautifully said, Naima. You're not any less religious for accepting other paths and sharing yours.
I think it should be mandatory in school to study every religion. I.m not saying to bring back prayer in school or anything like that. But I think being informed thoroughly and discussing different religions from both an academic and practical perspective would benefit any society immensely. It would help people in their personal lives to chose a spiritual path that makes sense to them and it would eliminate people's fear of other religions that are the root of so much violence and hatred in the world. I dont see why we exclude religion from the main curriculum when it is so vital to our lives. So it should be math, science, arts, social sciences and religion that we study in school.
But I think being informed thoroughly and discussing different religions from both an academic and practical perspective would benefit any society immensely.
thanks, marisabel.
"In theology this might be good enough for a test.
not in philosophy."
Pluralism seems to impose a very open view, accepting change and variation. Somewhat similar a street race where there is no set course between start and finish, a non-pluralistic view, more limited, has a course with a set path to reach an end. yet the pluralistic view is undefined in terms of means, but all the while an end, salvation or truth, is a shared goal by vehicles trying to get to the end using whatever course they choose.
After writing the thought, i realized that if you were to choose a religion and deem it the best, you would be more concerned with the winning the race, than finishing. Which levels the "better" religion to a shiny lamborghini on a speed track. I find more appeal in the more gritty motorcyclist who can handle a ducati racing against a 12 cylinder supercar through traffic. Of course this shows that personally my priority is more the freedom of my path, and the challenge of balance while riding on it; than the salvation at the finish line.
After writing the thought, i realized that if you were to choose a religion and deem it the best, you would be more concerned with the winning the race, than finishing. Which levels the "better" religion to a shiny lamborghini on a speed track.
yeap.
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